Fidel Castro Psychobiography free essay sample

Fidel Castro was brought into the world one of a few ill-conceived youngsters to prosperous sugar rancher Angel Castro y Argiz and his family house keeper Lina Ruz Gonzalez, on August 13, 1926. Fidel Castro is one of the world’s most established despots and from numerous points of view the run of the mill narcissistic oppressor. Scholars had attempted to clarify his conduct; anyway numerous records depict Castro to have been raised in a steady family despite the fact that he grew up with the shame of being an ill-conceived. â€Å"The sense of self starts to shape considerably just when kids become ready to recognize themselves and other people† (Schultz amp; Schultz, 2009). He went to Roman Catholic all inclusive schools in Santiago de Cuba and High School in Havana, where he end up being a skilled understudy an extraordinary competitor. In 1945 he entered Law School at the University of Havana and joined the Orthodox Party, which take a stab at financial autonomy, political freedom, social equity and a conclusion to debasement. We will compose a custom article test on Fidel Castro Psychobiography or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In 1947 Castro incidentally left the college and in 1948 he partook in urban uproars in Bogota, Colombia. He came back to Havana, while being an understudy Castro wedded Mirta Diaz-Balart a truth seeker whose well off family had political connections to Cuban military pioneer Fulgencio Batista. In 1949 his first child was conceived but since he had no salary to help the family the marriage finished. As indicated by Jung, from â€Å"teenage years through youthful adulthood, we are worried about finishing exercises, for example, training, starting a vocation, marriage and family† (Schultz amp; Schultz, 2009). Castro as a legal counselor, attempted to mount legitimate test to Fulgencio Batista’s rule, showing that the Cuban Constitution had been abused when the courts wouldn't hear his appeal, Castro concluded that lawful assaults on Batista could never show signs of change. On July 26, 1953 Castro and his sibling Raul, drove around 160 men in a self-destructive assault on the Moncada military sleeping quarters in Santiago de Cuba in order to generate a famous upset, â€Å"The persona original an open face we wear to introduce ourselves as somebody not the same as who we truly are† (Schultz amp; Schultz, 2009). The greater part of the men were executed and Castro and his sibling were caught and condemned by the administration to 15 years’ detainment. They were later discharged in a political acquittal and went to Mexico to keep on crusading against Batista system. Castro started to make arrangements to come back to Cuba, while in Mexico he met Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara who was bound to assume a significant job in the Cuban Revolution. These dissidents procured weapons, prepared and facilitated their arrival with individual agitators in Cuban urban communities. On December 2, 1956 Castro and equipped campaign arrived on the eastern shoreline of Cuba, they were distinguished and trap and a large number of the renegades were slaughtered. Castro and different pioneers endure and made it to the mountains and reminded there for some time assaulting government powers and establishments and sorting out obstruction cells in the urban communities across Cuba. With the assistance of progressive volunteers all through the island, Fidel Castro’s powers prevailed upon a series of triumphs Batista government. As the undisputed progressive pioneer, Castro became president of the military in Cuban government. Castro before long actualized a Soviet-style socialist system in Cuba, a lot to the consternation of the United States. This prompted many years of contention among Cuba and the USA including such episodes like The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Mariel boatlift. Castro endure incalculable death endeavors, some of them rough and very sharp; the aggregate oblivious is â€Å"the widespread recollections and encounters of mankind, spoke to in the images, stories, and pictures â€Å"It is the assortment of our encounters as an animal groups, a sort of instinctual knowledge† (Schultz amp; Schultz, 2009). Cuba was set under financial ban which has had genuine impact on the Cuban economy. â€Å"Introverts center around their own idea and sentiments. † (Zimbardo Pg. 392) They are not amiable and like to be distant from everyone else. Outgoing individual individuals are increasingly intrigued by the world and the things going on in it then in their own life. They are active and neighborly. They appreciate being in social circumstances. Jung guaranteed â€Å" hardly any individuals have all sets of powers in balance. Typically one is progressively predominant deciding a person’s character. † ( Zimbardo Pg. 392) As we can see, in spite of the fact that Jung was affected by Freud’s character hypothesis, yet his character hypothesis centers around parents’ impact on a child’s character and self image. Carl Jung kicked the bucket in 1961.

How to Write My Essay Reviews

How to Write My Essay ReviewsHow can you write your essay reviews? Here are some tips on how to improve your essay writing.First, identify your research topics and choose one that is extremely important to you personally. For example, if you are writing an essay about baseball, you will want to find a topic that is very personal to you. After that, pick a great author to review and go over the entire piece and be sure you understand it completely.If you don't read well, go read another student's essay before you start reading yours. Try to go over all of their work and understand it completely. Remember, the goal is to know how they accomplished it and the steps they took to get there. This is an invaluable learning experience that will help you learn how to do the same thing. Also, being able to read other students' essays in this way will help you in other areas of your writing.When you sit down to write your essay, get down on paper and first write a rough draft of your essay with a pencil in hand, beginning your introduction and ending your conclusion. Then take the time to read through your rough draft to ensure you understand what you have written. This will save you a lot of time if you are not understanding it properly. To prevent this from happening, you should always have a friend or someone else read your rough draft with you.Always write multiple drafts to make sure you understand it completely. To speed up the process, use your favorite word processor to edit your essay and write each section separately. Once you have this completed, print the draft and go over it again to make sure you understand every word. Then copy the entire document and go back and change the spelling and grammar mistakes you may have made.Fine-tune your essay until you feel like you have it all. Find a writer who works exclusively with students. You should get several essays back from this person and ask them to critique the essay. These reviews are extremely valuable becaus e they will be able to see how you write as you get older. They will also be able to see how you learn from your mistakes as you grow older.An online forum is another great resource for researching and reviewing student essays. Not only will you be able to get essays for free, but you will also be able to get information from other writers as well. They will not only give you their feedback but also offer their opinion and suggestions for your essay. You can also ask their advice on what you should avoid as you go through your writing process. This can also be a great idea if you are in a certain part of your writing career where you are approaching a deadline or have already published your work.Finally, you should always be looking for essays that are similar to your own work. Take note of the common mistakes other students make and then do not repeat those mistakes. You should always take note of other writers' strengths and weaknesses as well. This will allow you to begin to figu re out where you are going wrong as you become a better writer.

The music business has changed radically. Can an employee whos been an Essay

The music business has changed drastically. Can a representative whos been an Industry Legend Keep Up - Essay Example Helping business supervisors settle on objective choices when confronted with a moral situation calls for assurance and complexity (McCullough and Faught, 2005). For the situation investigation of Powerful Entertainment, the major moral problem confronting Noel Klein, the company’s CEO is on whether to lay Bob off or keep him. Noel contends that Bob has been in the organization for such a long time as the project supervisors in spite of the fact that at present he isn't selling anything. In spite of the extraordinary changes in the business inside which Bob works in the course of recent years, Bob has not changed by any stretch of the imagination (Guterman, 2010). He knows nothing about computerized showcasing in spite of the fact that innovation is moving towards this. Also he doesn't add to the deals of the organization in spite of the fact that he is the most generously compensated representative in the organization. The CEO contends that Bob is taking up an opening for ano ther sales rep who might have the option to accomplish the objectives. Then again, Bob has such a great amount to offer to the organization. Noel yields that he has important relational aptitudes. Sway is a symbol in the organization connecting it to the past. Moreover, he is the one liable of staying with Mark Sender in the. Imprint Sender is a significant figure in the organization since he helps make just about 30 percent a bigger number of incomes than different entertainers (Guterman, 2010). The other explanation that makes it had for the CEO to settle on the best approach to deal with Bob is given the way that he is cherished by most representatives and thusly his exit may prompt loss of other basic workers or influence their adequacy. He inspires different representatives to work in spite of the fact that this can't be measured. He is inventive and revered by different specialists and youthful representatives have a long way to go from him. Rita who has called upon by the CEO is relied upon to give her choice looking into the issue of Bob Antice.... This exploration is the best case of correlation of the utilitarian, libertarian, deontological and ethicalness morals point of view on the moral issue confronting Powerful Company. From an assessment of the distinctive moral points of view, the scientist recommends that Noel ought to receive a blend of utilitarian and libertarian viewpoint to demystify the moral problem confronting the organization. By utilizing the utilitarian point of view, the CEO would set aside some effort to assess the effects of his activities. Utilitarian point of view like a social money saving advantage examination completes any assessment of the effects of an activity before it is executed to help maintain a strategic distance from exorbitant slip-ups during the time spent creation choices. As such the CEO would have the option to evaluate the effects of sacking Bob for not accomplishing the business focuses corresponding to his advantages to the organization. Since the point of view sees the benefit of a person as free from their privileges, it is anything but difficult to close on whether to supplant Bob or hold him in the association. In the event that his incentive in the association doesn't coordinate the compensation, he ought to be supplanted. From a libertarian viewpoint, Noel’s choice ought to be equipped towards guaranteeing that most extreme advantages to the investors of the organization. Considering this announcement, the choice embraced must guarantee there will be most extreme comes back to the investors. From this point of view, it is basic to assess the estimation of Bob to the organization, does he really propel staff? Or then again does he help youthful folks to the organization learn and how the two increase the value of organization.

Research Outline, Annotated Bibliography, and Sample...

Research Question and Justification On average, women make up about 7 percent of the total federal and state incarcerated population in the United States. This has increased since the 1980s due to stricter and more severe laws that focus on recreational drug use, a lack of community programs, and fewer treatment centers available for outpatients (Zaitow and Thomas, eds., 2003). According to the National Womens Law Centers, women prisoners report a higher than statistically normal history of domestic violence in their immediate past, and the fastest growing prison population with a disproportionate number of non-Whites forming over 60 percent of the population. In fact, over 30 percent of women in prison are serving sentences for murder involving a spouse or partner. The incarceration of women presents far different cultural and sociological issues than those of men issues with children, family, sexual politics and more (NWLC, 2012). The rapid increase of female prisoners in a male-dominated system has left fewer adequate resources available for women. In addition, most research shows that womens prison experiences differ drastically from those of men because their relationships inside and outside prison tend to shape the culture then enter into in prison. Women tend to form differing structures than men, finding roles similar to that which they would undertake outside prison. In addition, over 60 percent of women in prison were the primary guardians for their children,

A Closer Look at Tensile Architecture

Ap English synthesis essay obesity - 636 Words

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess fats have grown and accumulated to the point of harm, and a shortened life expectancy. Obesity is a problem that has been more prominent in the 20th and 21st century and is now a main concern for both society and the government. It is the citizen’s duty to resolve this epidemic known as obesity in the United States. American society has created the concept of obesity. They identified what the perfect human should look like, and has outcasted everyone who does no resemble that, most commonly obese people. The Barbie character that is a landmark fashion doll and cultural icon portrays this perfect human figure (Source E). This perception of the perfect human has a negative psychological†¦show more content†¦This causes people to develop unhealthy eating habits and makes people want to get bigger so they can claim the title as the best eater in the world. New Jersey women who weighs 604 pounds said it’s a fantasy to w eigh 1000 pounds one day. She says she spends 750 dollars a week on just herself for food (Source F). This contributes to other people’s fantasy that also wants to be bigger like her and relates back to the fact that eating is contagious (Source G). Other people think that it is the government’s problem to fix obesity. Although the government’s efforts have been provided, they have been lackluster and ineffective through society. The government has implemented such organizations such as the ABA to regulate beverages in schools to make for a better lunch. They try to regulate beverages in elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, and even times of day they can and can’t be sold (Source A). This is ineffective because this just causes people to bring in their own unhealthy drinks, and more likely more of them then needed because they can’t buy them in school. In the United States the society needs to work on controlling this problem known as obesity. It is a problem that if does not get controlled sooner than later, will spiral out of hand even more. Before this spirals out of control society needs to take action to reducing the cost of healthy food amongst middle-low class citizens so they can eat theShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesfind time to fulfill commitments to home, spouse, children, parents, and friends. Millions of single-parent households and employees with dependent parents have even more significant challenges in balancing work and family responsibilities. Source: AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti Dr. Orit Wimpfheimer performs her job by linking to others through networks. Shown here at her home office near Jerusalem, Israel, she is a radiologist who analyzes test results from hospitals in the United States over the

The OSI Reference Model free essay sample

A paper which looks at the seven layers which make up the OSI Reference model which has described the rules and procedures as to how applications running upon network devices may communicate with each other. This paper shows how the OSI Reference model was first introduced in 1984, and was primarily designed to serve as an abstract model. However it has proved to be a practical framework and a majority of the present eras network technologies are developed based on this model. The paper discusses the seven layers which make up the OSI model Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer and Application Layer. In internetworking terms, the OSI model refers to a vertical stack of layers. It is also known as Open Interconnection reference model. It is generally defined in terms of two primary layers, the upper layer and the lower layer. The upper layers of OSI model consists of software that provide certain network services like encryption, providing interface and connection management. We will write a custom essay sample on The OSI Reference Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand, the lower layers of OSI perform functions like routing, logical addressing, error correction and flow control.

Small Business Opportunity free essay sample

Find out if they would be interested in buying your product and service, and what price they would expect to pay. Youll need realistic predictions about how much money your company will make, and whether it can make enough to become profitable before the startup money runs out. Its important to choose a business that is a good fit for your personal interests and skills. 2. Make a list of at least 5 business ideas that interest you. (2. 0 points) cosmetology, piercest, insurance, 3. Explain which business idea from question 2 above you think is the best opportunity for you. Give at least 3 reasons why this opportunity is the best. TIP: Choose the business idea that you want to develop through the rest of this course. (3-6 sentences. 6. 0 points) Cosmetology would be the best opportunity for me because i love cutting and styling other peoples hair. Im always coloring my hair and giving it cool styles that look good on me. We will write a custom essay sample on Small Business Opportunity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cosmetology is the number one thing that i want to do for a buisiness. . Will this business participate in the global marketplace? Why or why not? (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) 5. Describe what sorts of competitors this business is likely to face. (3-6 sentences. 3. 0 points) 6. Go to the SBA Web site (sba. gov) and find the section of the site for Small Business Planning. Find at least 2 tools or pieces of information that would be helpful for starting a business. Read about them, and then describe them here. (2-6 sentences. 4. 0 points)

Gournia summary sheet essays

Gournia summary sheet essays First discovered by archaeologist Harriet Boyd Hawes on May 20th 1901 Ruins of the settlement were visible before any excavation took place. Nearby villagers named the location of the ancient city Gournia from the stone basins or gourni visible in the area. Gournia is now one of the most excavated sites on the island of Crete. Located on a small hill, a couple hundred metres away from the sea in the Gulf of Mirabello, close to the north end of the Ierapetra Isthmus Situated near the centre of the town at the top of the hill, making it the dominant central building of the town, surrounded by cobbled streets, blocks of houses and overlooking the nearby ridges. Close to coast, enabling a shorter distance to travel when transporting goods for trade. Gournia was well known as one of Minoan Cretes major porting towns. This palace was not the centre for the production of goods as many other palaces were, however it still stored many of the towns trading goods. It is thought that there must have been an individual or small group of people to organise and supervise the workers responsible for the construction. On the basis of burial customs and the agglutinative structure of the towns such as Gournia there may have been a clan social structure. (1) There was a governing body in these palaces, possibly a king that was not only a ruler, but also a war leader, administration leader and a religious leader. (2) Minoan architects was to create a palace that is aesthetically pleasing from both inside and out Architects did not in fact plan their palaces, that they rather focused on a central room (or central court) and built a number of rooms around it - agglutinative There is no attempt to arrange them systematically, but ...

Japan politics and the FDI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Japan politics and the FDI - Essay Example There were multiple parties that were registered to participate in the last general election. These parties included the (LDP), the (DPJ), the (JRP) and (NKP) among others. Under different leadership styles and ideals, all the political parties reason from different platforms/manifestos. Politicians espoused to the ideologies of the different political parties. They conducted their campaigns with varying manifestos that were commonly identifiable to their visions and missions towards the general governance of the republic of Japan. These platforms entailed what individual candidates or parties would do to the people when elected to the governance. This is a common scenario to all political struggles in all nations. However, though the disparities of the parties are evident, close analysis show some likeness and difference between the competing political parties. Economic analysis of the similarities and differences reveal that they have impacts on foreign direct investments. Today’s political landscape of Japan is dominated by political party manifestos. These platforms have changed the politics in that they have now changed into principle and policy oriented. The political campaigns now give the general public the position to evaluate the political parties past performance as regards to the manifestos provided and are able to judge the individual candidates based of the visions advocated by the manifestos. This is one of the similarities between competing parties in Japan. However, much of the manifesto strategies has been criticized as only paper work and only serves to win the peoples votes. They are often designed to the catchy edge on why one candidate is better elected than his/her rival. According to the FX trade magazine, January-March 2013 edition, Shinzo Abe, the leader of the LDP was quoted through an interview with the Wall street journal to have the persistent â€Å"deflation problem† in Japan as a priority of his governance co uld he win the forth coming elections. He argued that with a good spending plan, he would be in a position to curb deflation and this would go a long way in restoring the investors’ confidence (Anon 45). He argued that the bottom line in stabilizing the economy of Japan was through appreciating the value of the yen and had a 2% inflation target. By revaluing the yen, investors confidence and would boost better relations with the investors both local and foreign. The JRP party pledged to ensure minimal corporate dependence by the central bank and minimize the income taxes in the way to boost investment and the earn investors confidence. The party also promised to eradicate nuclear power production by 2030, if elected into office (Martin, para 10). This in itself had economic edge in that western countries that in the past never regarded investing in the country would now be won into the country. Japan future party’s point on economic perspective was to have an overhaul cut of the government expenditure before imposing a tax cut. Led by the founder, Yukiko Kada the party also intends to reduce the reliance on the central government to ease the wasteful bureaucracy (Koh, para 6). By and large, a common feature to all the parties and their platforms was the zeal to restore sanity to the deflation that has been challenging all efforts to economic development of the country since the Second World War. Different regimes of governance have always tried to revalue the country’s currency in efforts to better the lives of the citizens. Different policies and strategies have been proposed and tried thou the currency is yet to rise to the rightful value. The parties also commonly pledged to have the restoration of the image of the country as regards

Philosophy Voluntary Euthanasia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Philosophy Voluntary Euthanasia - Term Paper Example â€Å"It’s not life. I’m already dead† said 43 year old Diane Pretty, the mother of two who wanted assistance to die (Barclay, 2002). Diane Pretty was suffering from motor neuron disease and her ‘life expectancy’ as identified by the doctor was â€Å"very poor†. (Verkaik, 2002) She wanted a dignified death for herself. Owing to the distressful life she was leading where her words could only be interpreted as grunts, she along with her husband filed a petition in the court to prevent Brian, her husband from any prosecution if he assisted her in committing suicide. Julie, the mother of Dianne even wanted her to have a peaceful death said, â€Å"I have watched everything go and now I am hoping she will have a peaceful death. You know I’d like someone to give her a pill or an injection† (Barclay, 2002). The court did not provide Brian with immunity and the illness took its expected course resulting Diane Pretty’s death in the hospital under the conditions, which she had wanted to avoid (Tulloch, 2005, p.89). On the moral grounds the result against the petition was a disrespect shown to the individual autonomy of a rational human being and against her free will. Free will and voluntary euthanasia The free will of Dianne was questionable under the ethics of philosophy whether such an action taken by her would justify her on the moral grounds. Considering some of the major characteristics which have been attributed to the almighty by different religions come down to one notion that is the omnipresent of God and that the Almighty has no limit. If that is true then God possesses the knowledge about human actions and the almighty governs the thoughts of individual hence the decision taken by human beings are always guided by the will of the almighty. The free will of a human being must be respected and her autonomy to take decisions must be honored. (Waller, 2008, p.197) Thus on the moral and ethical ground it can be argued that the willingness to die expressed by Dianne to avoid the death of indignity and the distressful condition which she was going through can be justified. Voluntary Euthanasia and Utilitarianism The utilitarian approach specifies that the act like stealing which is termed as immoral is not essentially right or wrong, they are of the opinion that the rightness and the wrongness of any action depend upon the non normal goods like pleasure or happiness or health or knowledge or satisfaction which is derived while being in the action. Hence arguing whether the act is right or wrong is not easy; sometimes the simplest act has the most complicated outcomes. (Waller, 2008, p.52) The utilitarian rules examine the possible regulations on the basis of the expected utility. Euthanasia, also termed as mercy killing, which is an act that involves the intentional killing of an individual who is entirely dependent upon other for the life support and facing a life of distress. In th e case of Dianne Pretty the 43-year woman who was totally dependent on others for her life support the act of her to have a dignified death cannot be taken as against the ethics. The issue is that of a voluntary euthanasia, which is carried out as the person, himself or herself requests for it. The utilitarian approach focuses on the utility that an individual derives from an act. The Hedonistic utilitarian argues in the favor of the voluntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia arises from a critical situation where the person’s existence in pain brings more suffering for the person herself and the people watching her in that situation. In such a situation where the very existence of the person brings distress and anguish for himself or herself, voluntary euthanasia is justified. (Telfer, n. d) Peter Singer being a utilitarian himself argues that if the future life of the human being who wants to take the aid of euthanasia to end her life has more negative impacts than the posi tive impacts then killing can be justified than

Hubspot Case Essay Example for Free

Hubspot Case Essay The problem in this case is that Hubspot needed to make a transition from its initial start-up structure (organizational structure, target customers and pricing strategy) in order grow, and the dilemma was how to best approach this change. Hubspot faced three main issues for this: a) identify target customers, b) modify their pricing model and c) how to develop the growth strategy. Hubspot was good at building a community, e.g. over 300000 unique visitor in 2008, and thousands of freeware subscriptions in 2009. Nonetheless they had a diverse universe of customers, from small business owners (Ollies) to marketing professionals (Marys), different type of business ranging B2B or B2C, and size (over or under 25 employees). Table C shows there was a potential market evenly distributed among B2B and B2C. For Hubsport, the decision to identify a target customer was difficult. This is seen when contrasting exhibits 6 where 73% of customers were Ollies and exhibit 5 which indicated that Marys accounted for 68% of new customers from Sep-Dec 2008. Although the B2B customers were important for Ollies and Marys, there was an interesting growth of Marys in B2C. Thus a segmentation of customer was required to better assess their different needs. At the end of 2008, Hubspots’s products responded to the main two customers (Ollies and Marys), still its pricing model was similar for both, where Marys paid a slightly higher monthly amount as its software package included more features (exhibit 7). This was something Hubspot needed to analyze as Ollie and Marys had various pros and cons as customers. Ollies represented a lower cost to acquire ($1000) and where quick to sign in, but cancel subscription early, while Marys cost more to acquire ($5000) and took longer to sign in, by stayed for longer using the product. Assuming no churn rate an Ollie had to maintain subscription for 2 months and Marys had to maintain subscription for 9 months, to pay off their acquiring cost. The previous  scenario meant that HubSpot’s 2008 projections including the 100 paying customers from 2007 made the current pricing model not viable to support the high cost of Marys (see appendix 1). Another issued faced was the Hubsport was still a small company, seen in that it only had few engineers to build the software therefore it was hard to catch up with the sales team. Thus the product vs customer vs pricing situation presented an optimization and planning issue to keep the company growing. The previous two points require a growth strategy. At the same time it made the owners question their vision, i.e. to inbound or outbound. The strategy for growth had to clarify which customer to target, how to roll-out the respective products, whether to keep it a SaaS, and the transition into a new pricing structure to maintain current customer and capture more value from new ones. The objective of our proposed solutions is to keep Hubspot as the software-to-have for inbound marketing and grow financially from a start-up to an established business. For this we set out the following actions: Hubspot’s culture and vision should be maintained. Web 2.0 is continuing evolving as more businesses are using the various channels and HubSpot can differentiate itself as the inbound marketing which weighs more than outbound marketing (inbound represents 37% marketing budget while outbound 30%). HubSpot has the expertise to create traffic and analyze and qualify leads filling the respective demand of Ollies and Marys. At the same time we differentiate from our two main competitors by proving a lower price (Eloqua is more expensive) and focusing on inbound marketing (Marketo is a mix of inbound and outbound). Our conclusions are founded by overlaying HubSpot’s competitive field (exhibit 3) with customers’ needs a) traffic creation and b) leads analysis and qualifications, in line with HubSpot’s main strengths, as seen in appendix 2. Thus the company should not consider outbound as an alternative. As showed in appendix 4, our two segmented customers have showed different needs in terms of product features and consumption behavior. Based on the current churn out rate, we can estimate consumer lifetime value of Ollies is $4,750 and Marys $10,500 (see calculation in appendix 3). Therefore, according to our segmentation strategy, we propose following product bundles by differentiating product price and product features: 1) Product pricing: As Ollies have a shorter customer life and less marketing budget, we suggest keeping current up-front fee and a lower monthly fee. As suggestion, up-front $500 and monthly fee in the range of $150 to $250. As Marys have a longer customer life and lower price sensitivity we suggest increasing both up-front and monthly fee. As suggestion up-front $600 and monthly fee in the range of $600 to $750. Meanwhile, Marys are interested in deeper analytics, we suggest additional fee for each service of deeper analytics. As CMS system helps lower churn rate, we suggest initial fee of $300 covering 6 hours consulting to encourage both of them to use such service. 2) Product features: As Ollies prefer quick and simple solutions, we suggest tailor-made product focusing on generating leads. As Marys have a high demand of analytics, we suggest tailor-made product with more sophisticated tools to meet the needs of deeper analytics. As frequent log-in helps lower churn rate, we suggest to provide service update on a regular basis to encourage a continuous use of our service. After clearly identifying the segmentation of consumer and differentiation of products, we need ensure market-centered organizations that are capable of translating strategy into actions: 1) Engineering: To invest on product development and innovation to continuously provide with relevant service to enhance our competitive advantage of generating leads as well as analytics . 2) Sales force: To divide sales force to separately serve Maryer Ollies by providing Maryer with long-term, more sophisticated support, providing Ollies with quick simple service. 3) Marketing: To continue make a buzz for inbound marketing to create inbound marketing community rather than a simple business Finally the strategy has to be sensitive to our current customers, Appendix 5 indicates a tentative layout of the plan. Starting with the internal reorganization, then gradually change the product offering for consumers.

Censorship :: essays research papers

Censorship by definition is the suppression of words, images or ideas that are â€Å"offensive†. It occurs when certain people succeed in imposing their personal or moral values on others. The debate over censorship deals mainly with the first amendment and whether it is constitutional for a group of people to decide what is right for other people. It has exploded within recent years with the advent of the Internet. Many different kinds of people can and are considered censors. Parents, teachers, administrators and employers who forbid others to speak in certain ways can be censors. In fact, the word censor actually comes from ancient Rome, which referred to someone whose job it was to oversee morals and conduct. Before I get into censorship on the Internet, here are other cases of censorship: Perhaps the first known case of censorship occurred in 1873 with the passing of the Comstock law by Congress. The law was advocated by Anthony Comstock, head of the Society for the Suppression of Vice (Explain vice). The law forbade the mailing of anything, in his opinion, lewd, obscene or indecent. In his life burned 120 tons of books and art including the works of Chaucer- Caterbury Tales, Oscar Wilde, Ernest Hemmingway, Eugene O’Neill and John Steinbeck. Censorship primarily occurs in the arts, especially music. The PMRC or Parents Music Resource Center finally after about a decade of pushing forced the RIAA or Recording Industry of America to start use labeling systems and logos such as â€Å"Parental Advisory – Explicit Lyrics†. However, the putting of the labels on the records was left entirely to the record companies who neglected the sticker on many deserving albums. In 1992, Washington became the first state to pass a law forbidding the purchase of cdâ⠂¬â„¢s with certain logos if you’re under 18, this law was quickly deemed unconstitutional. Some performers have been banned from performing certain songs in certain places, for example Ozzy Osbourne was sued thrice after three teens committed suicide and their parents blamed his lyrics in â€Å"Suicide Solution†, Ice-T was heavily protested for his song Cop Killer in the early 90’s which promoted violence specifically on police. Madonna was arrested in Toronto after she ignored warnings of her potential arrest and went on with her normal act of acting out masturbation on stage. The debate over music most definitely flared up again after the shootings at Columbine in which Marilyn Manson was once again accused of causing horrible crimes as many people continue their war with him and his music.

The Abc

HOLY TRINITY SCHOOL 4U BIOLOGY 2012/2013 Independent Study Project: Homeostasis, Maintaining Balance In these investigations, students will be involved in the initiating and planning of a scientific study. You will be performing library research, then designing and implementing a study in which you will record, analyze, interpret, and communicate your research and data. A formal written report as well as an oral presentation of this information to your peers will be required.Students will be expected to demonstrate skill in: – using safe lab techniques – designing properly controlled investigations to test hypotheses concerning selected variables – describing, recording and interpreting data from the above investigations – writing a formal report of their findings – preparing and teaching information to their classmates on their study topic The area of Homeostasis gives opportunity for varied and interesting research.Many different types of organism s are available for study, from invertebrates such as worms or insects, to larger organisms like plants, mice, dogs, cats, horses, or humans. Topics that can be investigated are not restricted to this broad area, but might look at areas such as †¢ homeostatic processes involved in maintaining water, ionic, thermal, and acid-base equilibria in response to both a changing environment and medical treatments (e. g. investigate the feedback mechanisms involved in water balance or thermo-regulation; study the buffering system of blood; investigate the operation of the nervous system or endocrine system; study how chemotherapy affects homeostasis); †¢ the mammalian immunological response to a viral or bacterial infection; †¢ the impact of environmental factors such as allergens on homeostasis within an organism. †¢ physiological effects of drinking coffee or using sports drinks and performance †¢ invertebrate responses to external stimuli (e. g. , nstinctive behavi our in response to chemical stimuli or light); †¢ impact of environmental factors on the growth and propagation of bacteria or plants †¢ the effect of dietary supplements on health; study the effect of taking large quantities of vitamins or amino acids; determine whether substances or practices people use to cope with stress actually work Students may work in pairs, but you should be aware that one report is submitted, with both partners receiving the same mark. There are both benefits and pitfalls to working with a partner, so think carefully about this option if you decide to take it. I will expect the paper to be between 2000-4000 words in length, but the presentation length will not be doubled). Please take note of the following requirements and timelines. Although all due dates are negotiable well in advance, I will expect people to commit to them and maintain a progressive approach to their work. Specific Requirements: Topic proposal-completed sheet stating the organ ism and problem you plan to investigate Journal-a diary recording: Date Description (BRIEFLY) Time spent on a daily basis e. . Jan. 14 surfed Web for topics 30 minutes Resources-identify at least two books, two journals and two Internet sources, with a paragraph describing the information you expect to use from each of them (i. e. six paragraphs) Method-outline the actual equipment, procedures, and measurements to be done Rough notes-hand written outline of essay (NOT a rough draft) or digital files (CD, USB, whatever) Final paper-1000 to 2000 words, plus table of contents, data, charts, graphs proper referencing with Reference List Presentation -a ten minute (max. ) summary of your work, including a one-page handout for the class. Due Dates:Topic proposal +Journal entriesMon/Tues, Jan. 21/22 Resources +Journal entriesThurs/Fri Jan. 31/Feb 1 Method +Journal entriesWed/Thurs Feb. 6/7 Rough notes+Journal entriesWed/Thurs Mar. 6/7 Final paper+Journal completeWed/Thurs, Apr. 10/11 Prese ntations Wed, Fri, Tues Apr. 10, 12, 16 Thur, Mon, WedApr. 11, 15, 17

Physician Asisted Suicide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2194 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Suicide Essay Did you like this example? Chapter 1: Biology Part 1: Introduction to Biology Biology is the study of living things and their natural processes. (Kara Rogers Edna R. Green Susan Heyner Joshi) Biology is divided into multiple different branches but all are interrelated through their basic principles. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Physician Asisted Suicide" essay for you Create order (Kara Rogers Edna R. Green Susan Heyner Joshi) These include branches like botany, zoology, morphology, physiology, and cell biology. (Kara Rogers Edna R. Green Susan Heyner Joshi) Botany is the study of plants while zoology is a different branch that studies animals. Morphology is the study of the structure of certain organisms while physiology is the study of the function of these organisms. (Kara Rogers Edna R. Green Susan Heyner Joshi) Cell Biology is the study of cells, this study includes the fundamental units of structure and function in living organisms. (Kara Rogers Edna R. Green Susan Heyner Joshi) Cells were first observed in the 17th century, when the compound microscope was invented by Zacharias Janssen. (Kara Rogers Edna R. Green Susan Heyner Joshi) This research relates to the research question because when a patient asks their physician for a peaceful death to end their suffering, the doctor prescribes them a drug that they must take. Two of the drugs that can be used in the process of Physician-Assisted Suicide are Pentobarbital and Secobarbital. (Pam Belluck) Pentobarbital and Secobarbital are both barbiturate drugs, however, they have some differences. Pentobarbitual is a barbituate drug that slows the activity of your brain and nervous system. This drug is used as a sedative but aslo as an emergent treatment fr seizures, but when taken in large doses can cause death amongst individuals. (What is Pentobarbital?) Secobarbital, on the other hand, is a barbiturate drug used to treat insomnia and relieve anxiety prior to surgery. (What Does a Secobarbital Overdose Look Like?) Physician-Assisted Suicide is the process in which a physician prescribes a medication to a terminally ill patient at his or her own request that the patient can take whenever they choose to end their life. ( Timothy E. Quill and Bernard Sussman) The act of the physician providing the patient with the drug to end their life is what has caused so much controversy around the world today. The controversy mainly arrose because different religions had different veiws on this act. Two main religions that had similar veiws are Christianity and Islam. These religions shared one ideal but one religion had stricter veiws and traditions that caused them to have their distinct veiw on Physician-Assisted Suicide. Chapter 2: Christianity Part 1: Standard Belief Christianity is still known today as the largest religion worldwide, containing over 2.3 billion people, and overall consisting of around 30% of Earths population. Christianity is the belief that, there is one God, eternally existent in three persons: God; the Father, God; the Son, and God; the Holy Spirit (Beliefs of Christianity). Christians believe in Jesus Christ, his virgin birth, sinless life, and his resurrection. Jesus Christ was conceived by God in the form of the Holy Spirit and his mother, the Virgin Mary. (Beliefs of Christianity) Two main holidays that Christians celebrate, include Easter and Christmas. Christmas is celebrated as the birth of Gods son, Jesus, and Easter is celebrated as the day he rose from the dead. (Beliefs of Christianity) The belief that the bible is a book of stories that contain many lessons within each story is another cultural anthropology. (John Drane) The Bible contains two sections the Old Testament and the New Testament, the difference between these two sections is that they were written at different time periods. (John Drane) The Old Testament overall is the foundation that establishes principles and prophecies that the New Testament will build upon this foundation with truths and fulfillment of these prophecies. (John Drane) Overall, Christians believe that all life is God-given and that any act that goes against this view is known as a great sin. As stated within the ten commandments, Thou shalt not kill (Bible) which is including all murders; even killing onesself. This is frowned upon within this religion, because belief is that, Gods son gave his life to relieve individuals of their sins. Therefore, all life is God-given and anyone that takes that god given life has committed a sin. Howe ver, one of the main beliefs of Christianity is that people who say aloud their sins will be forgiven if they believe that Jesus Christ is their savior and that God rose him from the dead. Part 2: Christian Views on Physician Assisted Suicide Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS) is a form of Euthanasia that has caused controversy around the world since 1997. This controversy is mainly because of the different views and beliefs of individuals within society. Physician-Assisted Suicide is known to the Christians as a form of suicide, which is mainly prohibited, mostly until an individual, experiences this within their family or themselves. Christians believe that all human life is sacred since everything that exists is believed to be created by God. God created humans with the power of free will, which includes the freedom to choose the path of darkness and turn against him as Eve did in the Garden of Eden. However, He does not force human beings to leave their sinful ways, but rather appeals to them to repent their sins, and forgives them when they do so. (D. Etienne de Villiers). Although, God takes care of the nonwealthy and ill and promises to always support them especially when someone is dying. (D. Etienne de Villiers) Overall, God, the father, the son, and the Holy Spirit rule over the world through his unconditional love. (D. Etienne de Villiers) Human life entails a certain curiosity in how God could even create all this which keeps people at a certain distance, and to overall to stay cautious when people are making decisions about their self or another individuals life because the human race will never fully understand the greatness of God. (D. Etienne de Villiers) This overall creates, a strong moral prejudice against the killing of human persons, including committing suicide or requesting medically assisted suicide or euthanasia. (D. Etienne de Villiers). This does not mean that the moral prejufice against killing any human including ones self cannot be overridden by the subconscious. Although, it does mean that some thoughts have a greater amount of, moral weight than the strong moral prejudice against the killing of a human person including oneself.(D. Etienne de Villiers) Many people within this religion reject the idea of Physician-Assisted Suicide or voluntary euthanasia because murder is forbidden by the Sixth of the Ten Commandments. The main reason murder is prohibited is because it is the act of depriving an individual of what the rest of their life has to offer. But when an individual is already being deprived of their life due to having a terminal illness and wants to fasten the process, there is a belief in some individuals which changes the situation. Christians believe that God should determine the life of an individual and that if an individual truly believes this they also believe that it is wrong to use medicinal prac tices to extend life or shorten it because it can only be determined by God. (D. Etienne de Villiers) In 2016, Corinne Johns-Treat was 62 years old and had been suffering from stage IV cancer since she was 58 years old. Corinne was a Christian and believed throughout the process that God had a plan for what she should do and where she will end up.(Corinne Johns-Treat) Around 2015, her cancer had spread throughout her brain, chest, and neck. Even after, chemo, radiation, and resection of the tumor in her brain, it returned less than a year later. (Corinne Johns-Treat) During the fight through cancer; she stated: Right now, my faith is probably stronger than its ever been because Ive felt Gods presence through this experience. (Corinne Johns-Treat) Corinne was a Christian and never actually wanted to die, she even said that If I wanted to end my life, I could have declined surgery in 2012. Or refused the chemo and radiation treatments in 2015. (Corinne Johns-Treat) Even though she wanted to live she also did not want her family to watch her suffer throughout her final days. Corinnes certain case as a Christian woman she felt that she was not going against God; but that God had given her this alternative and an overall easy way to go. (Corinne Johns-Treat) So in conclusion, Christians believe that God gave life and individuals should not take it away or anyone elses away because it is stated in the 6th commandment. But also, the belief that God put people on this earth to have free will which means that they are able to go against him and as long as they repent sins and know he is their savior he will forgive them. This relates to the research question because this is one of the relgions that have views on Physician Assisted suicide for terminally ill patients. https://www.ucg.org/bible-study-tools/bible-questions-and-answers/what-is-the-christian-perspective-on-euthanasia-or-assisted-suicide Chapter 3: Islam Part 1: Standard Belief Islam is the second largest religion in the world coming after Christianity. This is a monotheistic religion and religious practice that developed in the Middle East in the 7th century. (Patheos) Islam was founded on the teachings of the Prophet, Muhammad, as an expression of surrender to the will of the all-knowing god Allah. (Patheos) There are over 1.8 billion people that practice this religion worldwide. Islam is a religion that has very strict views that are highly important to the individuals that practice this religion. (Islamic Beliefs) Within this religion, individuals, in order to be considered as Muslim, the individual must be able to recite a statement of faith known as the Shahada (Islamic Beliefs). This statement of faith states that There is no God but God, and Muhammad is his Prophet (Islamic Beliefs). Individuals who practice this Islamic religion are known as Muslims and believe in one all-knowing god who they call Allah. (Islamic Beliefs) This is the Muslim name for God because it is Arabic for The (al) God (lah). (Islamic Beliefs) Overall, Muslims believe that Muhammad was Allahs chief servant and messenger and that Allah is the all-powerful Creator of a perfect, ordered universe (Islamic Beliefs). Muslims and followers of Islamic religion believe that nothing can happen without Allahs permission but overall humans have free will. (Islam) There are a few difference amongst the religions that worship a God, such as Christians and Catholics for example, who practice their religions in churches but Muslims practice their religions in Mosques. (Islam) Every religion not only has places they practice their religion but also a holy text that they follow during worship. Islam uses the Quran as the holy text that they use when practicing their religion. (Islam) Followers of this religion practicing this religion by attending worship in a mosque, praying to Allah, and reciting the Quran. (Islam) There are overall three main beliefs within this religion. The first is the belief that Allah is The ONLY Creator, Provider, and The Commander, the second is that Allah is the ONLY God who should be worshipped, and the last basic belief is that Allah Is Perfect and His Names and Attributes are P erfect according to what Allah tells us about Himself in the Quran. (Islam Beliefs and Practices) In the sight of the Muslim God, Allah, all people are created equal and there is no human superior over another for any reason except worthiness. (Islam Beliefs and Practices) Within this religion, Muslims are not allowed to discriminate upon an individual but must respect the dignity of all people no matter what race or religion. (Islam Beliefs and Practices) Part 2: How Beliefs relates to Euthanasia Under the supervision of Allah the individuals worshiping him cannot be judged or judge others on characteristics. Belief is that these individuals had no choice over their characteristics such as color, gender, size, and race. (Islam Beliefs and Practices) Islam as a whole teaches individuals of this religion that diversity amongst humans is nothing more than a sign of the powerfulness of Allah and the beauty of his creation. (Islam Beliefs and Practices) Different from other religions, Islam has no priests or holy men but only people who are knowledgeable of this religious practice and religion as a whole. (Islam Beliefs and Practices) These knowledgeable people have only one job and that is to truthfully teach others about Allah. (Islam Beliefs and Practices) Euthanasia is the act in which a physician directly gives a medication to a patient to end their lives, whereas Physician-Assisted Suicide is the act in which the physician just provides the patient with the materials to end their own life. Within the research question the other religions views on Physician Assisted Suicide for terminally ill patients is Islam. In Islam, Muslims are against both of these acts of death. (Religions Islam: Euthanasia, assisted dying, medical ethics and suicide) The individuals that practice this religion believe that all human life is sacred because it is given by Allah and that no one but Allah can decide when it was an individual time to die. (Religions Islam: Euthanasia, assisted dying, medical ethics and suicide)

Analysis of the Issues with the Merger or Acquisition of the Two Companies Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The production capacity of the merged company followed by a workforce reduction, decrease in the excess capacities and gaining market share through the competitive advantages as well as a reduction in cost by sharing administrative structure with the help of horizontal mergers (Bischoff, Sallstom Danylow, 2011). Vertical mergers occur in the companies which are operating at different stage leading to the combination of the production and value chains. There can be upstream mergers as well as downstream mergers in the vertical merger activity. Downstream mergers are more common than upstream mergers because companies need to be in a strong bargaining position. There is another factor if the suppliers are specialized in certain products or services where there is a requirement of superior expertise gaining dominance in the negotiation process. The main intention of vertical mergers is to reduce costs with the interlinked processes where more than one party is involved to gain better control over the market happenings. It also helps to cut back on transaction costs to have immediate access to resources avoiding uncertainty and minimizing contractile costs (Bischoff, Sallstom Danylow, 2011; Pikula, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Issues with the Merger or Acquisition of the Two Companies or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page There are many reasons for the acquisition, some of them being financial reasons as the purchaser company expects the value of the asset will do better than the price paid for the acquisition. When a company acquires other company through stock purchase then the acquired company can continue to exist as a legal subsidiary of the acquirer.

Counseling Ethical Issues Essay - 1780 Words

Ethical issues in a counseling practice lay the foundation of a therapist in practice. Ethics are at the center of how the counseling process functions and operates in a successful manner for the clients who seek help in such a setting. In order for the counseling profession to be ethical and hold professional recognition, there are many facets that need to be examined and outlined to make sure all counselors and practitioners are functioning at the highest level and withholding their duties required by the counseling profession. The first introduction so to speak of the area of ethics also happens to be one of the first steps in counseling, which is the informed consent. The informed consent provides the basis of what happens or will be†¦show more content†¦Why is this important in counseling? The informed consent process involves establishing the basic framework between a therapist and their client that serves as an ethical and legal requirement as well as the formation of a basic working partnership between a therapist and their client. The informed consent is essentially an informational exchange between a therapist and a client that outlines the process of therapy. It also allows the client to be informed of their rights in order to make conscientious and thoughtful decisions related to their therapy. An interesting fact about informed consent is that is it can be provided in written and oral form, or a combination of the two (Corey, 2013). If done orally, the counselor must document what was addressed in the informed consent. The information that must be presented to clients, first and foremost, are their rights and responsibilities as a client working with a particular therapist. Beyond this, an informed consent should outline the goals of the counseling relationship, the responsibilities of the client as well as the therapist, expectations of the client, limitations of the counseling relationships, fees involved, approximately how long the therapy process will take, and background information regarding the therapist, particularly their past experience and educational qualifications (Corey, 2013). Corey also mentions the informed consent process is an ongoing educational experience that lasts theShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues in Counseling606 Words   |  2 PagesEthical Issues in Counseling There are many ethical issues that can arise during counseling. One issue that is fairly common is sexual attraction from patient to counselor, counselor to patient, or even in both directions. Even though an attraction may exist, this does not necessarily mean that these instincts will be followed in any inappropriate way. In fact attraction is a natural part of life and is impossible to avoid. However, any fulfillment of these desires is an unethical act that couldRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Within Counseling891 Words   |  4 PagesThe ethical issues presented in this scenario is the following: Jay has disclosed to the counselor that he is contemplating suicide the same evening and the counselor is aware that he has attempted suicide in the past and has the means to carry out his threat (Argosy University Online. 2015). Because confidentiality is such a critical issue within counseling, exceptions to confidentiality must also be heavily considered. What if not breaking confidentiality leads to harm? Section B.1.c. outlinesRead MoreEthical Issues Of Group Counseling2335 Words   |  10 PagesEthical Issues in Group Counseling Introduction Group counseling offers multiple relationships to assist an individual in growth and problem solving. 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Desirable Future Technology Risk Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Desirable Future Technology Risk Management? Answer: Introduction There are numerous business set ups and units that have been established all across the world that carry out the business operations and activities as per their respective industry type. Some of these sectors are mandatory for every country and some may have a lesser significance as compared to the rest. One of the most significant, mandatory and crucial sectors is the finance sector upon which a major share of the economy is based upon. Aztek is the finance firm from Australia that has a good hold in the market and a decent customer base associated with it. As the business units expand, there comes an increased responsibility and accountability on the organizations to perform better and serve its customers in a better manner. With the business expansion, there are a few infrastructural, operational and technical issues that are being witnessed. It has become required to overcome these issues so that the business continuity and service quality is maintained. The suggestions have been given by the team of directors and leadership in this area including the concept of BYOD, deployment of cloud hosting services and outsourcing of IT functions. On the basis of the suggestions provided and the organizational issues, the project that has been selected is the use of BYOD scheme. Project Details Overview BYOD stands for Bring Your Own Devices and it is a scheme that allows the involvement of the devices owned by the office employees in the business units. One of the growing trends in the present times is that of IT consumerization. There are various mechanisms that are present which can be included to promote the same and BYOD is an initiative associated with IT consumerization. The use of technical gadgets is on a rise in the current times and there are individuals that own many such gadgets and devices. Some of the examples of these devices include mobile phones, desktops, laptops, modems, connecting wires, tablets etc. Most of these devices are portable in nature and be carried from one place to the other. BYOD allows the employees to bring such devices to office and use them to execute business activities, services, tasks and operations. The BYOD project will offer many benefits to the organization, its customers and its stakeholders as well. There will also be certain challenges and drawbacks that may come up. Project Review from Finance Service Sector The business functions and activities in the organizations are guarded and managed by certain guidelines and policies. In the finance sector also there are bodies and agencies that have been set up by the Government to control and monitor the associated operations. One such government body in Australia is termed as Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). This body regulates the corporate activities of the corporate organizations and firms. The set of rules, policies and laws that are stated by ASIC must be adhered and all the Australian financial firms shall comply with the same. In every business sector, the necessity to maintain and follow the ethical and professional guidelines is mandatory. Australia has specified all these guidelines for the business organizations under Australian Code of Conduct (ASC). The set of tasks that come under BYOD must also conform to the ASC codes. Aztek has the business domain as finance and the frequency of financial transactions and payments in the company is more in number as compared to the other organizations. All the electronic payments and the financial transactions that take place must comply with e-payments code that comes under the ASIC policies and framework. Security and privacy of information is necessary to be maintained and the same shall be made possible by adhering to the Intellectual Property and Privacy laws defined by the government and legal bodies of Australia. BYOD Description: Financial Aspects The objectives that have been defined by Aztek have customer satisfaction and engagement as the focal point. Some of the points under the business objectives are: The customers must be provided with the financial solutions that are reliable, accurate, quick and usable. The percentage of employee satisfaction and engagement with Aztek must not drop down and shall always be maintained. The percentage of customer satisfaction and engagement with Aztek must not drop down and shall always be maintained. The customers must be provided with the release and end products as per the promised delivery dates. All the projects that are taken up by Aztek also have the project goals which shall be in accordance with the goals of the firm to achieve strategic alignment. There are certain tools and applications that are complex in nature and it provides an advantage to the organization if such tools are tested and used by the resources prior to the actual usage. This leads to the deeper understanding and operational ease with the tool and also makes the resource comfortable with its usage leading to avoidance of errors and lesser execution time. The company tools will run on employee devices which will provide them with the ability to experience the functioning of the tools leading to better service execution and solution design. The complexity of operations and their execution will reduce leading to better productivity, efficiency and satisfaction for employees which will in turn improve customer satisfaction as well. The organizational activities and infrastructure will improve as there will be better communication and sharing along with better integration. In terms of the company budget and finances, the BYOD project will offer several advantages to Aztek. Currently, the devices that are used in the organization for the execution of business activities are procured by the organization from its share of expenses. This includes a huge investment for an organization that is under expansion. BYOD scheme will eliminate these costs which may be used in other activities. The employees will be able to explore the tools and application from off-the-office locations which will provide them with better operational ease leading to avoidance of operational costs due to errors, mistakes and reworks (Gessner, 2016). Testing is an activity that is a part of every project and the tools required for test execution and test creation may be different for every project. For instance, a project involving a mobile based financial solution may require different devices like Android based mobile device, iOS based mobile device, Windows based mobile device etc. with different screen sizes and resolutions. This will involve additional costs and the devices may not be required once the project is completed. These additional and unnecessary costs will be avoided after the use of BYOD scheme (Retailwire, 2016). Aztek IT Security Policies Procedures BYOD will offer many benefits and advantages to Aztek in terms of the ability to achieve the organization goals with ease, enhanced engagement of the customers and employees of the organization and many others. One of the major benefits as discussed under the financial aspect of the project above would be the elimination of unnecessary costs and expenses. These benefits will be abundant in number but there will also be many issues that will be related with BYOD in the areas of implementation, integration and usage. Security will be the main issue in this area and there will be numerous risks to the information and network security that might be witnessed. There are many threat and risk agents that will be the carriers of these security issues and these carriers will be required to be checked in all the measures that are implemented from the security point of view. Aztek has always been an organization that has made sure that the state of security in the organization and in association with the applications and services related with the organization are always maintained. BYOD scheme that has been selected for implementation is Aztek has its own set of security issues. The security policies of Aztek do not include the countermeasures that can be executed for the prevention and control of the BYOD related attacks and would be necessary to be updated. It would be required to first analyze the associated security risks and plan out the control, avoidance and prevention measures that shall be applied. The various forms of the risks and security attacks in association with the BYOD scheme can be categorized in three broad categories and areas viz. information security risks, risks to the device security and network security risks. The devices that the employees currently own were brought by them for the personal use. The security aspect of the personal activities and the professional activities are different from one another. There might be basic security precautions that the employee may have taken for the device protection which would not be sufficient for use in Aztek. Therefore, the IT Security team at Aztek must review the device from the security aspect and must also install the necessary security updates and tags for making the device fit to be used in the organization (Coleman, 2011). The security risks associated with the category of information and network security attacks must be controlled and avoided by using the technological tools and administrative checks. The disa ster recovery mechanisms must also be stated carefully. BYOD scheme is a new scheme that will be used in Aztek and the employees will also not be aware of the threats that they might bring along with the use of unsecure networks and applications. The device of the employees, such as the Smartphone will be used for many personal activities along with the professional tasks. There may be certain applications that may not be secure and may cause a negative implication on other applications or the security of the device. There may be malware attacks or eavesdropping activities that may take place. Also, the use of devices on the public Wi-Fi connections may also bring in many unknown risks to the employees Smartphone (Newton, 2015). The employees will be required to be provided with the information on the secure use of the device so that the applications and information related with Aztek is not impacted in a negative manner (Trendmicro, 2016). BYOD Scheme: Risk Assessment There are many risks that may take place in the organization and its associated applications. These risks may belong to different categories and one such category is the security risks (Crane, 2013). A security risk is defined as an occurrence which may lead to the compromise of the security of any of the component associated with the organization which may have serious implication. Process for Risk Management For the management of the risks that will emerge with the implementation of the BYOD scheme in Aztek, there is a process that has been defined to control, avoid, prevent and detect the risks. The process is termed as risk management and it is also one of the knowledge areas that come under the domain of project management. This process will provide the management and leadership with the guidelines and mechanisms on adequate management of the risks. Risk Management Process Risk identification shall be the first stage in the process of risk management and in this stage the security team, management and the IT team of the organization must create a list of sources from which they may attain maximum information on the probable risk areas (Capterra, 2016). A list of these risk areas along with the specific risk events shall be prepared in this stage (Berg, 2016). The risk areas and events that are identified shall then be assessed and their probability and implication on the organization and its components shall be calculated. The prioritization in terms of the treatment of the risk must also be calculated on the basis of the risk factors (Castsoftware, 2016). One the priority, impact and likelihood of the risk is assessed, the response and treatment strategy for the risks shall be calculated. These strategies shall be based upon the nature of the risk and the damage that it may cause. For instance, it would be best to avoid some of the risks while for the other risks the best possible treatment would be to accept or transfer the risk (Microsoft, 2016). The next set of phases shall focus upon the management and senior authorities to marketing that the risk is monitored and controlled by applying the treatment strategies and is also closed after completion (Vila, 2012). Risk Register The risk register that has been prepared for the BYOD project at Aztek includes the risks that have been identified and also suggests the best treatment and response strategy that can be applied for the control of the risk. The category of the risk along with their probability and impact has also been included in the register after the assessment of the risks on different parameters. Risk Name Risk Category Probability Risk Impact Risk Response Treatment Strategy Information Breaches Information Security Risk Moderate High The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk avoidance by using automated technical tools and administrative checks for information protection Information Leakage Information Security Risk Moderate High The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk avoidance by using automated technical tools and administrative checks for information protection (Informationweek, 2016) Loss of the Device Device Security Risk Low High Risk avoidance shall be used as the treatment strategy for this risk which shall be implemented by using device tracking tools, device safety tools and technical controls Message Media Alteration Information/Network Security Risk Moderate High The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk mitigation by enhancing the information integrity by using network safety tools (Grimes, 2016) SQL Injection Information Security Risk Moderate Moderate The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk avoidance by using automated technical tools and administrative checks for information protection (Usask, 2017) Flooding Attacks Information/Network Security Risk Moderate Moderate -High The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk avoidance by using automated technical anti-denial and intrusion detection tools for information and network protection (Stoneburner, 2002) Exploitation of Security Vulnerabilities Information/Network/Device Security Risk Moderate Moderate The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk avoidance by analyzing the security weaknesses and using the parameters and mechanisms for elimination of the same Malware Attacks and Injections Information/Network Security Risk Moderate Moderate-High The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk avoidance by using anti-malware tools and applications Spoofing Attacks Network Security Risk Low Moderate The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk mitigation by enhancing network management and control and creating alerts for the users in such an occurrence Man in the middle Attacks Network Security Risk Moderate Moderate The treatment strategy that shall be followed in this case shall be risk mitigation by enhancing network management and control and creating alerts for the users in such an occurrence Insider threats and attacks may also take place in Aztek in which the threat agents will be the employees. BYOD scheme is a new scheme that will be used in Aztek and the employees will also not be aware of the threats that they might bring along with the use of unsecure networks and applications. The device of the employees, such as the Smartphone will be used for many personal activities along with the professional tasks. There may be certain applications that may not be secure and may cause a negative implication on other applications or the security of the device. There may be malware attacks or eavesdropping activities that may take place. Also, the use of devices on the public Wi-Fi connections may also bring in many unknown risks to the employees Smartphone (Qld, 2016). There are two forms of insider threats viz. deliberate and accidental. The scenario just discussed is an example of the accidental threat as the employee was not aware of the risk and its impact. However, there may be selfish motives that may be involved and the employee may purposely transfer the information to the unauthorized entites (Markovic-Petrovic Stojanovic, 2014). Data Security for the BYOD Scheme An organization has many assets that it requires to manage. Some of these assets come under the category of critical assets and some are classified as non-critical assets. The security requirements of critical assets are more than the non-critical assets. Data and information are the organizational assets that are included in the critical assets classification and the security requirement of these assets is therefore very high (Scu, 2016). Aztek is carrying out its business since a long time and there are many projects that it handles. Due to the involvement of different clients and employees along with the execution of many projects simultaneously, there are huge data sets that the organization is required to manage securely. The data sets include the information from different categories, such as, confidential, public, sensitive, private etc (Test-institute, 2016). There are many risks to these data sets in terms of security and the primary reason of these risks is the involvement of different components and sources (Chapman, 2000). The security parameters and mechanisms that are applied for the private information and data set is different form a public data set or confidential data set. This may lead to the presence of security weaknesses and vulnerabilities. There are various operations that can be performed on the data and information sets. These operations may include the read only ability, modification or deletion of the data etc. The users that are allowed to execute these operations must be selected and provided with the privileges on the basis of the user type and the information category. All the modification, deletion and any of the updates on the data shall be allowed to be performed by the data administrator or the security manager only. This will avoid the attacks associated with integrity and availability of the data. The sensitive and confidential data sets shall be allowed to be accessed only by the CEO, Board of directors along with Security Manager and Database Administrator. The private data sets shall be accessible to be read by the stakeholders of the data and the data analysts. The public data sets must be allowed to be read by the stakeholders, data analysts, data scientists and data owners. Conclusion Aztek has decided to implement BYOD scheme in its infrastructure which would lead to various benefits and will also come up with certain issues. The use of technical gadgets is on a rise in the current times and there are individuals that own many such gadgets and devices. Some of the examples of these devices include mobile phones, desktops, laptops, modems, connecting wires, tablets etc. Most of these devices are portable in nature and be carried from one place to the other. BYOD allows the employees to bring such devices to office and use them to execute business activities, services, tasks and operations. BYOD will offer many benefits and advantages to Aztek in terms of the ability to achieve the organization goals with ease, enhanced engagement of the customers and employees of the organization and many others. One of the major benefits as discussed under the financial aspect of the project above would be the elimination of unnecessary costs and expenses. There will also be many issues that will be related with BYOD in the areas of implementation, integration and usage. Security will be the main issue in this area and there will be numerous risks to the information and network security that might be witnessed. There are many threat and risk agents that will be the carriers of these security issues and these carriers will be required to be checked in all the measures that are implemented from the security point of view. The various forms of the risks and security attacks in association with the BYOD scheme can be categorized in three broad categories and areas viz. information security risks, risks to the device security and network security risks. Insider threats and attacks may also take place in Aztek in which the threat agents will be the employees. For the management of the risks that will emerge with the implementation of the BYOD scheme in Aztek, there is a process that has been defined to control, avoid, prevent and detect the risks. The process is termed as risk management and it is also one of the knowledge areas that come under the domain of project management. This process will provide the management and leadership with the guidelines and mechanisms on adequate management of the risks. References Berg, H. (2016). Risk Management. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://ww.gnedenko-forum.org/Journal/2010/022010/RTA_2_2010-09.pdf Berg, H. (2010). Risk Management: Procedures, Methods and Experiences. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://ww.gnedenko-forum.org/Journal/2010/022010/RTA_2_2010-09.pdf Capterra,. (2016). Best Risk Management Software | 2016 Reviews of the Most Popular Systems. Capterra.com. civil-engineering 25 September 2017, from https://www.capterra.com/risk-management-software/ Castsoftware,. (2016). What is Software Risk How To Prevent Software Risk | CAST Software. Castsoftware.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.castsoftware.com/research-labs/software-risk Chapman, C. (2000). A desirable future for technology risk management. International Journal Of Risk Assessment And Management, 1(1/2), 69. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijram.2000.001488 Cioupdate,. (2016). Effective Measures to Deal with Cloud Security -- CIO Update. Cioupdate.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.cioupdate.com/technology-trends/effective-measures-to-deal-with-cloud-security.html Coleman, T. (2011). A Practical Guide to Risk Management. Cfapubs.org. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.cfapubs.org/doi/pdf/10.2470/rf.v2011.n3.1 Crane, L. (2013). Introduction to Risk Management. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://extensionrme.org/pubs/IntroductionToRiskManagement.pdf Development, C. (2013). What are the 5 Risk Management Process Steps?. Continuing Professional Development. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://continuingprofessionaldevelopment.org/risk-management-steps-in-risk-management-process/ Dey, P. (2008). Risk management in information technology projects. International Journal Of Risk Assessment And Management, 9(3), 311. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijram.2008.019747 Gessner, D. (2016). Towards a User-Friendly Security-Enhancing BYOD Solution. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://in.nec.com/en_IN/images/120324.pdf Grimes, R. (2016). The 5 cloud risks you have to stop ignoring. InfoWorld. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.infoworld.com/article/2614369/security/the-5-cloud-risks-you-have-to-stop-ignoring.html InformationWeek,. (2016). 9 Worst Cloud Security Threats - InformationWeek. InformationWeek. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.informationweek.com/cloud/infrastructure-as-a-service/9-worst-cloud-security-threats/d/d-id/1114085?page_number=2 Markovic-Petrovic, J., Stojanovic, M. (2014). An Improved Risk Assessment Method for SCADA Information Security. Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika, 20(7). https://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.20.7.8027 Microsoft,. (2016). Risk Management Process Overview. Technet.microsoft.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc535304.aspx Newton, P. (2015). Managing Project Risks. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.free-management-ebooks.com/dldebk-pdf/fme-project-risk.pdf Proconceptsllc,. (2016). Risk Radar Enterprise, Risk Management Software | Pro-Concepts LLC. Proconceptsllc.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.proconceptsllc.com/risk-radar-enterprise.html Qld,. (2016). Risks of cloud computing | Queensland Government. Business.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/running/technology-for-business/cloud-computing-business/cloud-computing-risks Retailwire,. (2016). Happiness Is Bringing Your Own Computer Devices to Work RetailWire. Retailwire.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.retailwire.com/discussion/16188/happiness-is-bringing-your-own-computer-devices-to-work Scu,. (2016). The Risk Management Process - Risk Management - SCU. Scu.edu.au. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://scu.edu.au/risk_management/index.php/8/ Stoneburner, G. (2002). Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/securityrule/nist800-30.pdf Test-institute,. (2016). What Is Software Risk And Software Risk Management? - International Software Test Institute. Test-institute.org. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.test-institute.org/What_Is_Software_Risk_And_Software_Risk_Management.php Trendmicro,. (2016). BYOD - Consumerization of IT Mobility - Trend Micro USA. Trendmicro.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.trendmicro.com/us/enterprise/challenges/it-consumerization/ Uasask. (2017). IT Risk Management Procedure. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://www.usask.ca/ict/documents/IT%20Risk%20Management%20Procedure.pdf Vila, S. (2012). Risk Management Model in ITIL. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/395144242579/Risk%20management%20on%

Questions on International Law Essay Sample free essay sample

1. What are the beginnings of international jurisprudence?Beginnings of international jurisprudence help us understand what constitutes international jurisprudence. and how international jurisprudence is created. It refers to where provinces. organisations. persons and the tribunals can happen rules of international jurisprudence. We will write a custom essay sample on Questions on International Law Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Beginnings of international jurisprudence can be divided into two chief types. which are the primary beginnings and the subordinate beginnings. The article 38 of the legislative act of the international tribunal of justness establishes the five chief beginnings of international jurisprudence. They are ; International conventions. international usage. general rules of jurisprudence recognized by the civilised states. judicial determinations. and the most extremely qualified jural Hagiographas of the bookmans. The first three are referred as primary beginnings. and the last two are referred as the secondary beginnings. Sing the turning regulation of international organisations. recent bookmans of international jurisprudence include the declarations and other Acts of the Apostless of international governmental organisations such as the United Nations as beginnings of international jurisprudence. 2. What are the critical differences between Transformation and Incorporation philosophies with respects to pacts? As International pacts are one of the three chief beginnings of international jurisprudence. most of the regulations which provinces in the pacts are been accepted in the domestic jurisprudence. This could be done by following either the philosophy of Transformation. or the philosophy of incorporation. The philosophy of transmutation stipulates that the regulations of the pacts do non became portion of the national jurisprudence until they have been expressly adopted by the province. In contrast. by the philosophy of Incorporation. a province automatically adopts the pact jurisprudence as portion of the national jurisprudence. This philosophy is an automatic response of the international jurisprudence into domestic jurisprudence without the formal demands for official statute law to approve it and give consequence to it. 3. What are the theories of acknowledgment of a province?Since States are considered as the chief topics in International Law. acknowledgment of a sate is the formal recognition of the position of an independent State by other bing provinces. Recognition of a State is more of a political construct than a legal construct because there are no specific regulations for acknowledgment of a State. There are chiefly two theories relevant to the acknowledgment. the constitutive and the declaratory theory. The constituent theory asserts that States and authoritiess do non lawfully exist until recognised by the international community. and the declaratory theory adopts that States and authoritiess gain in the international personality when they come into being. The â€Å"declarative† theory defines a province as a individual in international jurisprudence if it meets the undermentioned standards: 1 ) a defined district ; 2 ) a lasting population ; 3 ) a authorities and 4 ) a capacity to come in into dealingss with other provinces. By contrast. the constituent theory of statehood defines a province as a individual of international jurisprudence merely if it is recognized as crowned head by other provinces. 4. Write a short note on precautional rule.The precautional rule provinces if an action or policy has a suspected hazard of doing injury to the populace or to the environment. in the absence of scientific consensus that the action or policy is harmful. the load of cogent evidence that it is non harmful falls on those taking an act. This principle allows policy shapers to do discretional determinations in state of affairss where there is the possibility of injury from taking a peculiar class or doing a certain determination when extended scientific cognition on the affair is missing. The rule implies that there is a societal duty to protect the populace from exposure to injury. when scientific probe has found a plausible hazard. These protections can be relaxed merely if farther scientific findings emerge that provide sound grounds that no injury will ensue. In some legal systems. as in the jurisprudence of the European Union. the application of the precautional rule has been made a s tatutory demand. 5. Why is the United Nations so of import in international society? United Nations is said to be the most of import inter-governmental administration in the international society. because of its function in universe personal businesss. Due to its tremendous parts in keeping international peace and security and advancing cooperation among provinces and international development. it is besides known as the most representative administration. It leads the international society on the constitution of a merely and sensible international political and economic order. Furthermore. the importance of the United Nations can be found in its headship in assisting states work together to track through poorness. hungriness. diseases and illiteracy. It besides assists in the care of human rights and human-centered aid. As a consequence of its unreplaceable function by any other administration in the improvement of international personal businesss. United Nation’s importance in the internatio nal society is recognized.

Ethical Issues in Organ Donation

A relatively recent issue of The New York Times presents a story about Mirtala Garcia and Sebastiao Lourenco (Grady 2011). Mirtala was the wife of a deceased organ donor Julio Garcia. Julio died of blood hemorrhage, and since he had previously agreed to donate his organs, Sebastiao Lourenco received his heart (Grady 2011). Mirtala and Sebastiao are now close friends, and Mirtala is glad that at least her husband’s heart is still alive (Grady 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical Issues in Organ Donation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stories like this one have become relatively frequent in the press, and they are bound to incite positive emotional reactions. However, the organ donation practice faces many problems and challenges, which have to be overcome. This paper will deal with the specific issue of how to determine when a potential organ donor has deceased, and his or her organs ca n be transplanted. It will argue that the best approach is to treat a person as dead when the irreversible loss of bodily functions and the irreversible loss of consciousness have both occurred. In addition to the romantic side of organ donation practices described in Grady (2011), there are many problems that medicine faces in this domain, and the current state of affairs has to be improved. Satel (2006) presents some devastating statistics related to the current state in the organ donation practice. In the United States, 70 000 people have their names on waiting lists for kidney transplantations (Satel 2006). According to some estimates, most of them will wait from five to eight years until they finally receive the organ and continue with their lives (Satel 2006). If, to this number, one adds those who are waiting for a donation of some other organ, it becomes clear how many lives depend on the practice of organ donation. Nonetheless, there are many problems which have to be solve d in order to reduce the number of people on those lists significantly. Some authors, politicians and activists have put forth their own ideas of the solution to the crisis in organ donation. For instance, Richard Brodsky, an Assemblyman of the Democratic Party in New York, introduced a bill which would enlist all American citizens as potential organ donors (Should Laws Push for Organ Donation? 2010). The bill would, of course, give an opportunity to those who, for some reason, do not want to be potential donors to exempt themselves by simply signing one document. While discussing some other ways in which countries could encourage potential organ donors, Rampell (2009) cites the case of the Israeli government.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Israeli authorities gave priority on organ donation waiting lists to those people who had agreed to be potential organ donors themselve s. However, before addressing those practical issues, the governments have to address some fundamental questions related to the legal treatment of organ donation. The practice of organ donation is a controversial topic in areas as diverse as law, medicine and philosophy. Furthermore, as with any issue that is related to human life, religion also plays and important role in the debate. Medew (2008) writes about an academic article that dealt with the issues related to organ donation and attracted a lot of public attention. The author of the article, James Tibballs, a professor of pediatrics, argues for the reassessment of the legal definition of death and the methods by which death is certified by the physicians who perform organ transplantation procedures (Medew 2008). Tibballs argues that the legal definitions of death are designed to accommodate for organ donation practices and are problematic on several grounds. The Australian law defines death as â€Å"either irreversible cessa tion of all functions of [the] brain or irreversible cessation of blood circulation† (Mewdew 2008). Tibballs finds these criteria unacceptable because, according to him, the cessation of functions of the brain cannot be determined with certainty, and the criterion related to the cessation of blood circulation is too loose because according to it, a person is dead after his or her heart fails to restart for two minutes (Mewdew 2008). The criterion of â€Å"brain death† in terms of the cessation of functions of the brain is problematic because it is too vague. For example, many doctors would characterize a person as brain dead even though many of his or her brain cells are still active. In addition, clinical assessment of brain activity, according to Tibballs, is insufficient because the brain activity can be assessed with certainty only by using blood flow measurements, which is rarely done in medical institutions (Mewdew 2008). A comprehensive study by the National Heal th and Medical Research Council (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997) addresses most of the challenges raised by Tibballs. The study presents a philosophical investigation into the nature of death, which is then used to argue that organ donation practices are conducted in accordance with the strictest ethical standards. According to the authors of the study, death is defined as, â€Å"the irreversible loss of the integrated and coordinated life of the person as a single living organism† (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997, p. 3 ­).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical Issues in Organ Donation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors examine the three traditional approaches to the definition of death in the Western philosophical tradition in order to establish the best approach. According to the first definition, death is seen as the permanent cessation of breathing. This definition is rejected by the authors because modern medicine can keep a person alive by means of artificial ventilators even though his or her lungs cannot operate by themselves (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997). The second definition that relies on the cessation of the heart beat is rejected on the same grounds (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997). The third definition that sees death as the irreversible loss of consciousness seems to be the most useful one, but it too needs some further improvements. When dealing with the third definition the problem is essentially reduced to the question of what constitutes consciousness. One approach that can be found in the literature is the so-called â€Å"only higher brain† approach. The most famous advocate for this approach is Peter Singer who sees the cortical structures of the human brain, which are related to higher cognitive faculties, as being crucial for personhood (Singer 1994). The destruction of these structures, according to Singer (1994), results in the death of a person. However, this approach is deeply problematic. The first problem that arises with this definition is that it would characterize people in the so-called vegetative state and anencephalic children as non-persons, which entails that it would be perfectly ethical to take their organs for donations (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997). The second problem is that it is extremely difficult to be certain whether cortical structures have been destroyed in a person whose lower brain structures still function (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997). Consequently, this approach has to be rejected. The approach which should be taken in order to determine if a person is dead is one that includes the examination of both the higher brain and lower brain structures. Accordingly, National Health and Medical Research Council (Certifying death: The brain function crit erion 1997, p. 6) argues that â€Å"human consciousness is dependent on the function of both the cerebral hemispheres †¦ and the reticular activating system in the brain stem†. From the above definition, it follows that death takes place after both the subcortical structure and the neo-cortex have suffered extensive injuries.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The final question raised by Tibballs is whether or not the current practice in organ donation is in accordance with the legal definition. The current law defines death as â€Å"the cessation of all brain function† (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997). It has to be recognized that the current definition is too vague, and whether or not the current practice is in accordance with it is a matter of interpretation. If under â€Å"all function† one assumes the functions of each particular cell in the brain, it would follow that the current practice is often in breach of the law. However, such a definition would be absurd because death is a process, and many cells in the body continue to live long after the person has died. The definition can also be interpreted as a reformulation of the definition offered by the National Health and Medical Research Council (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997) in which â€Å"all brain function† is see n as the integrated function of the entire brain. The legal definition should be made more precise in this respect because the definition offered by the National Health and Medical Research Council is both theoretically sound and practically viable. In conclusion, before dealing with the issues of encouragement of the public and other practical problems, the organ donation authorities have to reach consensus around certain fundamental questions. The key ethical issue of the organ donation practice is the question of when a person can be regarded as dead. It has been argued that the National Health and Medical Research Council (Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997, p. 3), which defines death as â€Å"the irreversible loss of the integrated and coordinated life of the person as a single living organism,† offers by far the best theoretical approach to the issue. What has to be done next is to implement that theoretical framework into the legal system in order to a void misunderstandings that damage the popularity of the practice. References Certifying death: The brain function criterion 1997, National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra. Grady, D. 2011, One Death Provides New Life for Many. Web. Medew, J. 2008, Donors not truly ‘dead’ when organs removed. Web. Rampell, C. 2009, How Can Countries Encourage Organ Donation? Web. Satel, S. 2006, Death’s Waiting Lists. Web. Should Laws Push for Organ Donation? 2010. Web. Singer, P. 1994. Rethinking Live and Death, Text Publishing Co., Melbourne. This research paper on Ethical Issues in Organ Donation was written and submitted by user Maya D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.